168 professional terms for switching power supply!

These definitions should be considered to be relevant to switching power supplies and are not necessarily apply equally to other technical fields.

Considering that definitions have been given concurrently in other publications (standards, dictionaries, manufacturer's data manual, technical notes, manuals),

The following terms represent the views of the author and may differ slightly from those of particular users of this document.

Absolute rated maximum, element:

If the specified value is exceeded will cause permanent damage to the device. This is not a continuous rating and does not indicate proper operation.

Ae, effective area:

For a magnetic core of a given geometric size, the cross-sectional area of a cylindrical magnetic core of the same material having the same magnetism.

Ambient Temperature (1) :

The target temperature and the temperature of the still air around the SMPS are measured at a minimum of 4" (100mm) from the power source.

Ambient Temperature (2) :

According to MIL-STD-810E: Except for necessary support points, the test unit shall be completely surrounded by air. The ambient air temperature gradient shall be within 2 ° C of the measured temperature and not exceed 1 ° C per meter.

Ampere Turns (NI) : Ampere turns (NI) :

The current flowing through the coil multiplied by the number of turns of the coil.

ATP:

Acceptance Test Procedure.

BABT:

The British Approvals Board for Telecommunications. A body that certifies radio communications equipment for the UK market. BABT certifies and authorizes testing laboratories.

Behavioral Model:

A model of a circuit module expressed in mathematical terms. Is the highest simulation level.

BJT:

Bipolar Junction Transistor. Bipolar junction transistor.

BOM:

Bill of Material.

Boost type:

A basic switching power supply structure in which energy is stored in the inductor when the switch is on and transferred to the output when the switch is off. It converts the irregular input voltage into a regular output voltage that is higher than the input voltage.

The Breadboard:

The first physical realization of a circuit. It may be incomplete or even completely inconsistent with the appearance of the final product.

BS:

The British Standard.

BSI:

British Standards Institution (United Kingdom). An association that sets standards for product compatibility.

Buck type:

A basic switching power supply structure in which a switch in series converts an input voltage into a pulse and adds the pulse to an LC filter. A step-down regulator produces a voltage output lower than the input voltage.

Buck-Boost:

See recoil form.

Burn-In:

A step in which a switching power supply is operated for a period of time in order to reduce its rate of damage within a short period of time and to stabilize the switching power supply through aging. Temperature cycles and power cycles may be included during this period.

C1, Core Constant:

The sum of the length of the magnetic circuit divided by the same section area.

CENELEC:

Comite pour Europeen de Normalisation Electronic (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization).  Including the 17 European countries that set the standards of the European Community.

CE mark:

Demonstrate full compliance with all EU standards.

CFM:

Cubic feet per minute.

CISPR:

Unitary Committee International Special des Perturbations Radioelectriques.

Common:

A path shared by more than two circuits. Also known as reflection. Cannot be used to define ground terminal.

Constant Current:

A working mode in which the output current is adjusted according to the output load.

Constant Voltage: Constant voltage:

A working mode in which the output voltage is adjusted according to the output load.

Convection (Convection) :

A form of heat transfer occurring at the junction between a solid surface and the surrounding still air.

Convection (delivered, Natural) :

When a hot surface is surrounded by cold, naturally flowing air.

Convection (delivered, Forced) :

When air generated by a fan or other mechanical means flows along or around a hot surface.

Converter (DC/DC) :

A switching power supply that converts DC input voltages to different DC output voltages.

Cross Regulation:

In a multioutput power supply, the percentage of a change in output voltage due to a change in one output load.

Crowbar:

An overvoltage protection circuit that is placed between two points where an overvoltage is detected and is near a short circuit.

CSA:

Canadian Standards Association. An independent organization that sets standards and performs safety testing for the Canadian market.

CSA 22.2 No. 950:

See UL1950.

Cuk:

A switching power supply structure derived from an up-and-down voltage that produces very low output ripple.

Curie Temperature:

The temperature at which a ferromagnet becomes diamagnetism.

Current Mode Control:

The invention relates to a control method using a double loop circuit to adjust PWM operation.

(Current, Maximum Rated Output) :

The maximum output current of the switching power supply is designed under the specified conditions, such as: ambient temperature, inlet air temperature, sea dial, airflow noise, thermal radiation of other components of the environment, output voltage, output power.

DEMKO:

Dansk Electroteknisk Komite. (Denmark).

Derating:

Specific reduction of operating parameters specified to promote stability. Usually for switching power supplies, it refers to the reduction of the maximum output power when the ambient temperature is exceeded or the input voltage is below the rated value, etc.

DF:

Dielectric loss Angle (Dissipation Factor).

DHHS:

Department of Health and Human Services (USA).

Drift:

Switch the power supply on and off at specified times while other operating parameters such as input voltage, load and ambient temperature remain constant

The output voltage changes as the temperature rises within the segment.

ECO:

Engineering Change Order. Engineering change order.

Efficiency and Efficiency:

The ratio of total output power, expressed as a percentage, to active input power. Usually defined at full load, rated input voltage, and ambient temperature of 25℃.

EMC, Electromagnetic Compatibility: EMC, electromagnetic compatibility:

The ability of the equipment to function well in an electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable interference to the environment or other surrounding equipment.

EMI:

Electromagnetic Interference. A switching power source conducts or radiates harmful energy.

EN:

European standard (Euro Norme).

ESL:

Equivalent Series Inductance. Inductance values in series with an ideal capacitor, which together simulate the characteristics of a real capacitor.

ESR:

Equivalent Series Resistance. Equivalent series resistance. Resistance values in series with an ideal capacitor, which together simulate the characteristics of a real capacitor.

EUT:

The Equipment is Under Test.

Faraday Shield:

Electrostatic shielding of transformer input and output. This is to reduce the coupling capacitance of the primary stage to the secondary stage, which can cause common-mode noise at the output.

FCC:

The Communications Commission. Federal Communications Commission (USA).

Feed Forward: Feed forward:

A control technique used to adjust circuit differential pressure of a switching power supply by directly detecting the input voltage.

FET:

Field Effect Transistor. Field effect transistor.

Flux Density, Magnetic: Flux density, magnetic:

The magnetic field per unit area perpendicular to the magnetic circuit. The flux density depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the permeability of the medium.

Flux, Soldering:

A substance added when soldering tin to a metal surface; when heated, it prevents oxidation and AIDS in the flow of tin.

Flyback Converter: Flyback converter:

An isolated up-down switching power supply structure in which energy is stored in the inductor during the first phase of the switching cycle and transferred to different windings and loads of the same inductor during the second phase.

Foldback Current Limiting: Foldback current limiting:

An overcurrent protection circuit that reduces the output current when overload increases, reducing the pressure on a switching power supply element.

Forward Converter: Forward converter:

A switching power supply structure from a step-down converter in which energy is transferred to a transformer secondary winding and load when the switching transistor is switched on.

Fourier analysis: Fourier Analysis:

Fourier series is used to calculate harmonic components of complex waveforms.

Fourier Series: Fourier Series:

A mathematical series showing that any periodic function is a combination of sine and cosine.

Full Bridge Converter: Full bridge converter:

The utility model relates to a switching power converter in which four transistors are connected into a bridge structure to drive the main stage of a transformer.

GaAs:

Gallium Arsenide. Gallium arsenide.

Well-grounded Ground Benign:

Ideal laboratory environment. Applied to testing and medical equipment, laboratory instruments, etc.

Ground Fixed: Ground fixed:

Slightly less than ideal. Applied to frame fasteners, or used in non-heated building.

Ground Mobile: Ground mobile:

Equipment for mounted on wheeled or rail vehicles.

Half Bridge Converter: Half bridge converter:

A switching power supply structure similar to a full-bridge converter that uses only two transistors and replaces the other two with capacitors.

H.A.L.T. :

Highly Accelerated Life Testing. Highly accelerated life testing.

H.A.S.S. :

Highly Accelerated Stress Sampling.

Heat Sink Heat Sink:

Usually a sheet of metal, extruded, etc., used to deflect heat from the sensor.

Hiccup Mode: Hiccup mode:

A mode in which the switching power supply is switched on and off periodically, triggered by a fault condition.

Hi-Pot Test:

High Potential Test. Test to determine whether the breakdown voltage of a circuit or component exceeds the minimum requirement.

Holdover Time: Holdover time:

See Hold-Up Time.

Hold-Up Time: : Hold-up time: :

The time when the output voltage of the switching power supply remains within the specified range after removing the input power.

Hot Plug-In: : Hot Plug-in: :

The ability to switch power into or off a power line (input and output) without causing damage.

IEC:

The International Electrotechnical Commission. An organization that sets standards for electronic products and components. No testing is done.

IMQ:

Safety agency (Italy).

Inrush Current: Inrush current:

The instantaneous peak input current caused by switching power supply startup.

Insulation, Basic (IEC Definition) : Insulation, basic (IEC definition) :

Insulation, the failure of which can result in a risk of electric shock.

Insulation, Double (IEC Definition) : Insulation, double (IEC definition) :

An insulation consisting of a basic insulation and an auxiliary insulation.

Insulation, Reinforced (IEC Definition) : Insulation, reinforced (IEC definition) :

Insulation providing no less protection against shock than double insulation. It may contain multiple layers that cannot be used as basic insulation or auxiliary insulation alone.

Insulation, Supplementary (IEC Definition) : Insulation, supplementary (IEC definition) :

A separate insulation attached to the base insulation to provide shock protection in case the base insulation fails.

Inverter Inverter:

A power supply with DC input and AC output.

ISO:

International Standards Organization.

Isolation voltage